Sikkim, India's smallest northeastern state, has a unique historical journey marked by ancient kingdoms, cultural diversity, and political transformation.
Sikkim, once an independent Buddhist kingdom ruled by the Chogyal dynasty, became part of India in 1975 following a public referendum. Originally inhabited by Lepchas, and later influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, Sikkim was a British protectorate before joining India as the 22nd state. Today, it is celebrated for its cultural diversity, organic farming, and natural beauty.
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Historically, Sikkim was home to the Lepcha people, considered its original inhabitants. By the 17th century, a monarchy was established under the Chogyal (king) system with Phuntsog Namgyal as the first Chogyal, crowned in 1642. Buddhism, introduced from Tibet, became a major religious and cultural influence.
During the 19th century, Sikkim became a British protectorate. The British used Sikkim as a strategic base to access Tibet and control trade routes. This period brought administrative changes but preserved Sikkim's monarchy.
After India's independence in 1947, Sikkim maintained its separate status as a protectorate under Indian suzerainty. However, rising political movements in the 1970s led to demands for democratic reforms. Following a public referendum in 1975, Sikkim officially became the 22nd state of India, ending the monarchy.
Today, Sikkim is known for its peaceful integration into India, its scenic landscapes, rich Buddhist heritage, and as India’s first fully organic farming state. Gangtok, its capital, serves as both the cultural and administrative hub.
By Pema Thapa
